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Diseases

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Disseminated sclerosis (multiple sclerosis)  375


Disseminated Sclerosis (Multiple Sclerosis) 545h76f 545h76f 545h76f 545h76f 545h76f 545h76f 545h76f 545h76f 545h76f 545h76f 545h76f 545h76f 545h76f 545h76f 545h76f 545h76f 545h76f 545h76f 545h76f 545h76f 545h76f 545h76f 545h76f   375

General: Disseminated demyelination affecting white matter of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves; etiology unknown.

Ocular: Nystagmus; ptosis; myokymia; optic atrophy; papillitis; optic neuritis; anisocoria; Argyll Robertson pupil; Marcus Gunn pupil; hippus, decreased or absent papillary reaction to light; periphlebitis; visual field defects; gaze palsy; paralysis of third or sixth nerve; uveitis; oscillopsia; Uhthoff symptom (reduction of visual acuity with exercise or ocular hyperthermia); pars itis; retinal venous sheathing; retinitis; granulomatous uveitis.

Clinical: Incoordination; paresthesia; spasticity; tic douloureux; urinary frequency and infections; progressive disability; paralysis; death.

Francois J. Ocular manifestation in demyelinating diseases. Adv Ophthalmol 1979; 39:1-36.

Fraunfelder FT, Roy FH. Current Ocular Therapy, 5th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2000.

Hutchinson WM. Acute optic neuritis and the prognosis for multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1976; 39:283-289.

Lim JI, et al. Anterior granulomatous uveitis in patients with multiple sclerosis. Ophthalmology 1991; 98:142-l45.

Lucarelli MJ, et al. Immunopathologic features of retinal lesions in multiple sclerosis. Ophthalmology 1991; 98: 1652-l656.

Maninowski SM, et al. The association of HLA-B8, B51, DR2, and multiple sclerosis in pars itis. Ophthalmology 1993; 100:1199-l205.

Tabira T, et al. Multiple sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid produces myelin lesions in tadpole optic nerves. N Engl J Med 1976; 295:644-649.

Wikstrom J, et al. Optic neuritis as an initial symptom in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 1980; 61:178-l85.

Williams, KE, Johnson LN: Neuroretinitis in patients with multiple sclerosis. Ophthalmology 2004; 111: 335-341.




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