Jugular foramen syndrome (vernet syndrome) 6

General: Injuries, aneurysms, and tumors (more commonly due to metastatic lesion than primary neoplasms) affecting the foramen jugulare are the p 818j99i rimary causes for the syndrome to develop; if sympathetic fibers surrounding the carotid artery are involved, this will produce Homer triad; note similarity of clinical findings of Villaret syndrome or 'retroparotid space syndrome,' which may include epiphora and lagophthalmos and in which cranial nerves IX to XII and the cervical sympathetics are involved.

Ocular: Enophthalmos; ptosis; miosis.

Clinical: Paralysis of the ninth, tenth, and eleventh cranial nerves with resulting impairment of related function, that is, dysphagia, loss of taste on the posterior third of the tongue, and nasal regurgitation; anhidrosis; paralysis of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and part of the trapezium (upper portion); hoarseness; tachycardia; dysarthria; weight loss.

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