Lymphedema

General: Abnormal accumulation of lymph in th 929i81j e extremities; occurs from multiple causes.

Ocular: Conjunctival chemosis; ectropion; ptosis; strabismus; hyperpigmentation of eyelids; chorioretinal dysplasia; distichiasis; eyelid lymphedema.

Clinical: Abnormal lymphatic drainage; painless swelling; fibrosis of skin and subcutaneous tissues; skin becomes thickened, brown, multiple papillary projections (lymphostatic verrucosis); microcephaly; lymphedema.

Angle B. et al. Microcephaly, lymphedema, and chorioretinal dysplasia: report of two additional cases. Am J Med Genet 1994; 53:99-l01.

Kasper DL, et al., eds. Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005,

Collins JF. Handbook of Clinical Ophthalmology. New York: Masson, 1982.

Creager MA, Dzau VJ. Vascular diseases of the extremities: lymphatic disorders. In: Isselbacher KJ, et al., eds. Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994:1135-l143,

Kolin T, et al. Hereditary lymphedema and distichiasis. Arch Ophthalmol 1991; 109:980-981,