One-and-a-half syndrome

General: Lesions in medial l 121j93b ongitudinal fasciculus and paramedian pontine reticular formation; lateral gaze palsy on the side of the lesion and contralateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia; most common etiologies are ischemic infarction, demyelinating lesions, compressive lesion, and infections.

Ocular: Paralysis of abduction; lateral gaze palsy; nystagmus; ocular bobbing; exotropia; esotropia.

Clinical: Dysarthria; dysphagia; hemiparesis; multiple sclerosis frequently associated in young patients with this condition.

Bogousslavsky J, et al. One-and-a-half syndrome in ischemic locked in state: a clinicopathological study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1984; 47:927-935.

Hommel M, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging and the one-and-a half syndrome: a case report. J Clin Neuro-Ophthalmol 1987; 7:161-l64.

Wall M, Wray SH. The one and one-half syndrome: a unilateral disorder of the pontine tegmentum: a study of 20 cases and review of the literature. Neurology 1983; 33:971.