Pancoast syndrome (hare syndrome; superior pulmonary sulcus syndrome)

General: Mass occupying lesion in pulmonary apex; erosion of first three ribs frequent; primary bronchogenic carcinoma most frequent cause; symptomatolo 838b11i gy similar to lower radicular (Dejerine-Klumpke) syndrome and scalenus anticus (Naffziger) syndrome; Horner syndrome caused by involvement of sympathetic chain (see Dejerine-Klumpke Syndrome; Horner Syndrome; Naffziger Syndrome); also can be caused by locally invasive fungus such as Cryptococcus neoformans or lymphomatoid granulomatosis.

Ocular: Mild enophthalmos; ptosis; narrowing of the palpebral fissure; miosis.

Clinical: Pulmonary apical tumor; severe shoulder pain; paresthesias, pain, and paresis of the homolateral arm with atrophy of arm and hand muscles.

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