Rubella syndrome (congenital rubella syndrome; german measles; gregg syndrome) 1

General: Rubella infection of the mother during first trimester of pregnancy; ocular disease is the most commonly 414d38e found abnormality in patients with congenital rubella syndrome (75%), multiorgan disease is common (greater than 75%); no significant association has been found between gestational age and time of maternal infection and incidence of individual ocular conditions.

Ocular: Nystagmus; glaucoma; corneal haziness; cataracts; retinal pigmentary changes; appearance and central distribution of lesions are quite distinguishable from retinitis pigmentosa; retinopathy is not progressive and has little, if any, effect on vision; waxy atrophy of optic disk; conjunctivitis; megalocornea or microcornea; buphthalmos; microphthalmos; uveitis; iris atrophy; spherophakia; strabismus.

Clinical: Low birth weight; diarrhea; pneumonia; urinary infection; hearing loss; heart disease; hepatosplenomegaly; mental retardation; inguinal hernias; ataxia; cardiac abnormalities.

Boger WP III, Petersen RA. Congenital rubella syndrome. In: Pavan-Langston D, ed. Manual of ocular diagnosis and therapy, 4th ed. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1995:266-267,299.

Collins JF. Handbook of Clinical Ophthalmology. New York: Masson, 1982.

Fraunfelder FT, Roy FH. Current Ocular Therapy, 5th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2000.

Givens KT, et al. Congenital rubella syndrome: ophthalmic manifestations and associated systemic disorders. Br J Ophthalmol 1993; 77:358-363.

Roy FH, et al. Congenital rubella syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 1966; 62:222.

Wolff SM. The ocular manifestations of congenital rubella. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1972; 70:577-614.