Spina Bifida (Rachischisis)
General: Defect of the bony spinal canal without defect of cord or meninges; myelocele sac containing meninges may protrude; failure of neural tube of embryo to close and separate from surface ectoderm.
Ocular: Anophthalmos; microphthalmos; choroidal coloboma; aplasia of retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve; macular aplasia; Homer syndrome; strabismus; lateral rectus palsy; papilledema; optic nerve atrophy.
Clinical: Progressive motor, sensory, vasomotor, and trophic disturbances; hydrocephalus.
Duke-Elder S, MacFaul PA, eds. System of Ophthalmology, vol. XIII. St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1974.
Gaston H. Ophthalmic complications of spina bifida and hydrocephalus. Eye 1991; 5[Part 3]:279-290.
Welch JP, Aterman K. The syndrome of caudal dysplasia: a review including etiologic considerations and evidence of heterogeneity. Pediatr Pathol 1984; 2:313-327.
in procesul dezvoltarii embrionare, in zona trunchiului, tubul neural, avind in centru canalul ependimar, da nastere maduvei spinarii. in maduva, corp [...] |
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