Blackwater Fever& 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; & 959g64j nbsp; 150
General: Usually occurs in association with malaria, Plasmodium falciparum infection; mortality 20% to 30%; recurrent hemolytic episodes with subsequent malarial infections.
Ocular: Scleral icterus; cotton-wool spots; retinal edema; optic disk edema; conjunctival calcium deposits; band keratopathy; cortical blindness; epibulbar hemorrhage of conjunctiva, and episclera; retinal hemorrhages.
Clinical: Fever; hemolysis; icterus; hemoglobinuria; malaria; uremia; nausea; vomiting; vertigo; convulsions; coma; acute renal failure; hypertension, azotemia; hypervolemia; metabolic disturbances; hyponatremia; hypercalcemia.
Braunwald E, et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 11th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1987.
Bruce-Chivatt LJ. Quinine and the mystery of blackwater fever. Acta Leiden 1987; 55:181-l96.
Hidayat AA, et al. The diagnostic histopathologic features of ocular malaria. Ophthalmology 1993; 100:1183-l186.
Newton CR, et al. Retinal haemorrhages in falciparum malaria. Arch Dis Child 1991; 66:753.
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